IL CESTINO SARDO
Un cespuglio di giunco materia prima per la costruzione dei cestini
Preparazione dei materiali:
Nella fase preliminare, prima ancora di iniziare il lavoro d’intreccio, le cestinaie di Sinnai preparano i materiali che presumono di impiegare. Si tratta di materiali vegetali (culmi di giunco e di grano) e tessuti; quest’ultimi sono costituiti da strisce di tessuto di lana leggero ma soffice, di colore rosso (scrallatu) e nero (pannu nieddu). Con queste striscie, vengono realizzate le decorazioni. Vengono impiegati anche altri tessuti. si tratta di broccati che servono per il rivestimento(impanna) del cerchietto centrale (trotilli o girieddu) delle corbule edei canestri. Il lavoro dell’intreccio richiede alcuni strumenti essenziali per compiere tutte quelle operazioni di produzione dei lavori stessi: – Concolina piena d’acqua (scivedda prena de acqua): si tratta diun recipiente di terracotta pieno di acqua dove le cestinaie ogni tanto vi inumidiscono le dita e le fibre di giunco, ciò serve ad agevolare lamanipolazione dei materiali; – Forbicine (ferrixeddus): si tratta dipiccole forbice a lame che servono durante la lavorazione per tagliare le punte superflue delle fibre di ordito; – Punteruolo (puntarolu): è unutensile che ha forma di “T” di cui la parte superiore è costituita dal manico di legno e quella inferiore dall’ago in acciaio, questo è dispessore non superiore ai due millimetri ed ha una lunghezza di circadieci centrimetri, anche il manico ha la stessa lunghezza, mentre il suo spessore varia dai due ai tre centimetri; deve essere di legno abbastanza resistente in quanto deve sopportare la spinta necessaria affinchè l’ago penetri per tutta la “costa” d’intreccio.
| Forme e funzioni delle corbule e dei canestri |
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Canisteddu mannu po sa farra (canestro grande per la farina): si tratta di un canestro abbastanza grande la sua forma troncoconica poggia su un fondo (su fundu); l’uso del canestro era destinato a contenere la farina che il setaccio filtrava quando la si spurgava dalla crusca. Lo stesso era poi destinato a contenere i ravioli (culingionis), i gnocchetti (is malloreddus) e di altri tipi di paste; |
| Pallinu o canisteddu pitticcu ( canestro piccolo): si tratta di un canestro assolutamente simile a “su canisteddu” ; il suo uso veniva impiegato nelle diverse fasi della lavorazione del pane (coccoieddus) particolarmente lavorati con punte (corrus/corna); | |
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Pallinedda (canestro piccolino), simile ai precedente il suo uso era destinato , durante la lavorazione della farina, alla cernita delle semole.
Crobi manna (corbula grande): di grande cosistenza il suo uso era quello di recipiente dove veniva conservato il pane appena sfornato: le focacce (maddizzosus, costeddas, o il pane bianco (pani biancu e coccois). |
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Coffinus (cofanetti): appartengono per definizione alle corbule, tuttavia essi ne costituiscono una variante più elaborata in quanto hanno il coperchio. Ne esistono di forme e grandezze differenti che variano a seconda dell’uso a cui sono destinate: la conservazione della semola grossa e fini (simbua grussa e fini), per il livieto (frommentu), per il corredino dei piccoli (de is pannizzus). |
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Ciuliru (crivello): venivano classificati come particolari setacci, anche se a differenza di questi erano costruiti con materiali vegetali secondo le tecniche dell’intreccio. I materiali impiegati per la loro realizzazione sono speciali, infatti il fondo deve essere molto resistente e per questo viene usato il “carcuri”, un erba a cespuglio che cresce nei pendii dei colli, con il culmo flessibile si ottengono delle stecche che servono appunto alla costituzione del fondo, i bordi laterali invece, venivano ottenuti tramite un ordito di fieno di grano, sul quale venivano avvolte a spirale le fibre particolari di un tipo di giunco (sa zinniga). |
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